IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTELLIGENT ROASTING MACHINE USING A SOFTWARE-BASED PID ALGORITHM AND MICROCONTROLLER
The demand for precision and automation in temperature-sensitive processes such as roasting has led to the development of intelligent control systems. Traditional methods that rely on thermostats and relays often suffer from inaccuracies, mechanical wear, and limited adaptability. This project addresses these limitations by implementing a microcontroller-based roasting machine equipped with a software-based PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm to achieve accurate and consistent temperature regulation. The system is built around the AT89S52 microcontroller, which interfaces with essential hardware components including a temperature sensor (LM35), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a solid-state relay, and a user input/output interface consisting of a keyboard and an LCD display. The PID control logic was implemented entirely in software using the AT89S52 instruction set. The methodology involved designing both the hardware and software components, integrating them into a complete closed-loop control system. Experimental tests were conducted in both open-loop and closed-loop configurations to evaluate system performance. The results showed that the software-based PID controller was highly effective in maintaining the desired roasting temperature, with steady-state errors ranging from 0.1�C to 0.6�C. These outcomes confirm the reliability, accuracy, and responsiveness of the intelligent control system, demonstrating its suitability for applications where precise temperature management is essential. The system demonstrated reliable temperature regulation, accurately tracking set points with minimal steady-state error.
Authors : Jival, A. and Oriolowo N.Z.
Category : Open Access Volume (Issue) : 11(1) Date Uploaded : 6th August 2025